What are the differences between modernism and postmodernism?

Modernism and postmodernism differ greatly from each other, and this is clearly visible in Brussels. Modernism, which mainly occurred between 1920 and 1970, is based on the idea that form should follow function. Architecture had to be rational, simple, and efficient, without unnecessary decoration. In Brussels, this led to austere buildings made of concrete, steel, and glass, such as those in the North Quarter with the Manhattan Plan. Old buildings were often demolished to make way for modern office towers. This approach is known as Brusselsization and was later heavily criticized for damaging the historic urban fabric.

Postmodernism emerged in the 1970s as a reaction to this austere and often cold modernism. Postmodern architecture rejects the one-sided focus on function and once again makes room for decoration, color, and historical references. In Brussels, this is reflected in renovations and extensions that combine old and new styles, and in a greater focus on the experience of the city and the preservation of heritage. Instead of large-scale demolition, postmodernism often opts for repurposing and respect for the existing environment.

Modernism (±1920 - 1970)

Buildings and art had to be rational, sober, and progressive. Architects and designers work on the principle that form follows function.

Characteristics of modernism

• Clean lines, right angles
• Little to no decoration
• New materials: concrete, steel, glass
• Belief in progress and technology
• Everything had to be logical and useful.

Modernism in Brussels

• Maison Grégoire Lagasse in Uccle
• Cité Moderne – social housing in Sint Agatha Berchem
• Flagey

Postmodernism (±1970 - 2000)

In the 1970s, a counter-reaction emerged to modernism, which was then considered too austere. Architecture was allowed to be playful, historical, and symbolic again.

Characteristics of postmodernism

• Mix of old and new styles
• More color and decoration
• Irony and playfulness
• Fewer rules, more freedom
• Respect (with a wink) for the past

Postmodernism in Brussels

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